Optional matches (Find first)

If you call first() on a subject that isn't matched by a pattern - SubjectNotMatchedException is thrown. We discussed that in the previous chapter.

But what if you expected the subject not to be matched? And how do you to react to it?

Optional matches with findFirst()#

Method findFirst() can be called with a callback (that accepts Detail) just like first(). The difference is: findFirst() never throws SubjectNotMatchedException, and allows you to control an unmatched subject by appropriate control methods: orThrow(), orReturn() and orElse().

For example:

return pattern('[0-9]+')->match("I'm 19 years old")
->findFirst(function (Detail $match) {
return "I was born $match years ago";
})
->orReturn('Unmatched :/');
'I was born 19 years ago'

If a match is found, then the result of findFirst() callback is returned. If a match is not found, however, then the handling of an unmatched subject relies in the chained method.

orReturn()#

If a match is not found, it returns a default value.

return pattern('[0-9]+')->match("I'm a dog")
->findFirst(function (Detail $match) {
return "I was born $match years ago";
})
->orReturn("Match is not found");
'Match is not found'

orElse()#

If a match is not found, it calls orElse() callback and uses it to evaluate a return value.

return pattern('[0-9]+')->match("I'm a dog")
->findFirst(function (Detail $match) {
return "I was born $match years ago";
})
->orElse(function (NotMatched $notMatched) {
return "I couldn't match subject: " . $notMatched->subject();
});
"I couldn't match subject: I'm a dog"

Callback of orElse() is called with NotMatched, which contains only a handful of methods present in Detail: subject(), groupNames(), groupsCount() and hasGroup($nameOrIndex).

orThrow()#

If a match is not found, it throws SubjectNotMatchedException by default.

try {
return pattern('[0-9]+')->match("I'm a dog")
->findFirst(function (Detail $detail) {
return "Match is found!";
})
->orThrow();
}
catch (SubjectNotMatchedException $e) {
// React to an unmatched subject
echo "Not matched: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Custom exceptions for orThrow()#

You can also supply your own exception class name.

class MyException extends \Exception {}
try {
return pattern('[0-9]+')->match("I'm a dog")
->findFirst(function (Detail $detail) {
return "Match is found!";
})
->orThrow(MyException::class);
}
catch (MyException $e) {
// React to an unmatched subject
echo "Not matched: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Of course, your custom exception must meet certain requirements:

  • It has to be a class

    Trying to instantiate interfaces or abstract classes would break our "Explicity rule" The class must be concrete and explicit.

  • It has to implement \Throwable

    Obviously.

  • It must have a suitable constructor

    The class must be instantiable with one of the following signatures and parameter types.

    • __construct()
    • __construct($message), where $message can be a string
    • __construct($message, $subject), where $message and $subject can be strings
Notice!

Using findFirst()->orThrow() without your custom exception is identical to first().

I don't like functional#

If you don't like functional programming style, you are free to use first() (which throws an exception) and just catch it.

try {
return pattern('[0-9]+')->match("I'm a dog")->first();
}
catch (SubjectNotMatchedException $e) {
return "Some other value";
}
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